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| Омар I (Reigned 634-644, the second Muslim caliph, under whom Arab armies conquered Mesopotamia and Syria and began the conquest of Iran and Egypt); Умар ибн ал-Хаттаб ал-Фарук (второй праведный халиф); Омар II (Pious and respected caliph who attempted to preserve the integrity of the Muslim Umayyad caliphate by emphasizing religion and a return to the original principles of the Islamic faith) | |||