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| English | Russian |
| Byzantine Empire | Византийская империя (The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in 1453) |
| Byzantine Empire | Восточная Римская империя |
| Eastern Roman Empire The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which maintained itself for a thousand years after the western half broke up in the late 5th century AD. The eastern half survived until 1453 as the Byzantine Empire | Восточная Римская империя |
| fall of the persian empire | падение Персидской империи |
| Holy Roman Empire | Священная Римская Империя (An empire consisting primarily of a loose confederation of German and Italian territories under the suzerainty of an emperor and existing from the 9th or 10th century to 1806) |
| Lower Empire | Византийская империя |
| Roman Empire | Римская империя (An empire consisting primarily of a loose confederation of German and Italian territories under the suzerainty of an emperor and existing from the 9th or 10th century to 1806) |