| Chinese | English |
| 中和作用 | neutralisation To make a solution neutral by adding a base to an acidic solution, or an acid to a basic solution (为了得到中性溶液，则加碱到酸性溶液中或加酸到碱性溶液中。) |
| 乳化作用 | emulsification The process of dispersing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid (液体在另一个不相容液体中散布的过程。) |
| 二碳光合作用 | C2 photosynthesis |
| 互相冲突的利用 | conflicting use |
| 人文环境相互作用理论 | environment interaction theory of personality |
| 代用品毒性要求 | alternative toxicity request |
| 代用材料 | alternative material Materials employed in the place of others which are more dangerous for the environment, such as phosphate substitutes in detergents (被用来取代对环境危害更大的物质的材料，如清洁剂中磷酸盐的替代物) |
| 余热利用 | waste heat utilisation Waste heat applications include space heating and refrigeration in urban areas, thawing of ice-bound seaways, agricultural use to stimulate growth and to extend the growing season and in aquaculture to stimulate the growth of algae, shellfish, and other potential marine food sources (余热的应用，包括城市地区的空间加热和制冷、解冻冰封航道、农业方面的运用以刺激生长和延长生长季节、以及水产业中的应用以刺激藻类、贝类及其它潜在海洋食物资源的生长。) |
| 使用权类型 | type of tenure The manner in which land is owned and possessed, i.e. of title to its use (土地所有和拥有的方式，例如，所有权和使用权。) |
| 使用费用 | operating cost |
| 使用限制 | restriction on use A limitation on the utilization of land or some other property, often inscribed in a deed or lease document (对使用土地或其他财富的限制，通常写在租赁文件或契约中。) |
| 信用 | credit The financial facility or system by which goods and services are provided in return for deferred, instead of immediate, payment (为货物和服务提供延期付款，而不是直接付款的金融设施或系统。) |
| 信用支持 | credit assistance The help and support from banks and other financial institutions in providing money or goods without requiring present payment (银行和其他金融机构针对货币或货物无须现付所提供的协助和支持。) |
| 催化作用 | catalysis A phenomenon in which a relatively small amount of substance augments the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed (一种现象，在这种现象中，某种少量的物质加速了化学反应，而它本身却没有被消耗。) |
| C2光合作用 | C2 photosynthesis |
| 光合作用 | photosynthesis The process by which plants transform carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and other compounds, using energy from the sun captured by chlorophyll in the plant. Oxygen is a by-product of the process. Photosynthesis is the essence of all plant life (autotrophic production) and hence of all animal life (heterotrophic production) on the planet Earth. The rate of photosynthesis depends on climate, intensity and duration of sunlight, available leaf area, soil nutrient availability, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and soil moisture regimes (这个过程所产生的二氧化碳和水直接转化成碳水化合物和其它化合物，太阳能驱动光和作用。叶绿素氧是光和作用过程产生的一种副产品。光合作用的本质是一切植物生命(自养生产)的来源，因此地球上所有的动物都是异养生产。光合作用的速率取决于气候、阳关强度和持续时间、叶面积、土壤养分有效性、温度、二氧化碳浓度、土壤水分等因素。) |
| 美国全国用电安全法规 | National Electrical Safety Code |
| 美国全国用电安全法规 | National Electric Safety Code |
| 公用服务事业 | public utility |
| 公用水源 | utility water |
| 公用水路范围 | public waterways domain Rivers, canals and lakes owned by the state as opposed to individuals or corporations (属于国家而不是个人或公司的河流、运河和湖泊。) |
| 公用环境 | common application environment |
| 军用空中交通 | military air traffic Air traffic of or relating to the armed forces (军事空中交通或与武装力量有关的航空交通。) |
| 农用化学品 | agrochemical Any substance or mixture of substances used or intended to be used for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting, inhibiting, or controlling any insects, rodents, birds, nematodes, bacteria, fungi, weeds or other forms of plant, animal or microbial life regarded as pests (用于预防、消灭、驱除、吸引、抑制或控制被认定为害虫的昆虫、啮齿类动物、线虫、细菌、真菌、野草或其它形式的植物、动物或微生物的物质或其混合物。) |
| 农用土地 | agricultural land Land used primarily for the production of plant or animal crops, including arable agriculture, dairying, pasturage, apiaries, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture, animal husbandry and the necessary lands and structures needed for packing, processing, treating, or storing the produce (主要用于植物或动物农作物生产的土地，包括耕种农业、乳品业、畜牧业、养蜂场、园艺业、花卉业，葡萄栽培、畜牧业和包装、加工、处理或储存产品所必需的土地和建筑。) |
| 农用工业 | agroindustry Industry dealing with the supply, processing and distribution of farm products (供应、处理和分配农产品的工业。) |
| 农业用水 | water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water (农业中用于灌溉和畜牧业的水。畜牧业用水只有农业总用水量的百分之一。在所有功能性用水中，灌溉用水占有最大的农业用水比重。) |
| 农药的互作用性 | interaction of pesticides The enhancement of activity of pesticides when they are used in combination with others (与其它药物合用时，本农药的活性增强的特性。) |
| 利用价值 | use value |
| 利用回收物建造 | construction with recycled material Construction with waste product used as raw material (以废弃的产品为原料进行建筑。) |
| 药物等起到的副作用 | side effect Any secondary effect, especially an undesirable one (一些继发效应，特别是指非期望的作用。) |
| 化学用的政策 | chemical policy |
| 化学吸收作用 | chemisorption The process of chemical adsorption (化学的吸收的过程。) |
| 协同作用 | synergism An ecological association in which the physiological processes of behaviour of an individual are enhanced by the nearby presence of another organism (一个生态协会，其中一个人的行为的生理过程是由附近的另一种生物的存在而得到增强。) |
| 协同作用的有毒物质 | synergistic effect of toxic substances 1. A state in which the combined effect of two or more substances is greater than the sum of the separate effects. 2. An effect whereby two toxic substance together have more of an impact than anticipated (1. 在一个国家里，两个或两个以上的物质结合效果总和比单独作用的效果强。 2. 作用，使两种有毒物质具有一个共同的影响比预期的更强。) |
| 可持续利用 | sustainable use Use of the environment and its living resources at a rate that does not exceed its capacity for renewal in order to ensure its availability for future generations (环境及其生物资源的利用的速度不超过其再生能力，以确保其为子孙后代的供给。) |
| 可重用的容器 | reusable container Any container which has been conceived and designed to accomplish within its life cycle a minimum number of trips or rotations in order to be refilled or reused for the same purpose for which it was conceived (任何容器，在它设计时就要在它的生命周期中使运输和倒转的次数最小，这样在以后有相同的要求时能重用这个容器。) |
| 同化作用 | assimilation Conversion of nutritive material to living tissue (营养物质对活体组织的转化。) |
| 商用车辆 | commercial vehicle Vehicle designed and equipped for the transportation of goods (设计及配备用来运输货物的机动车辆。) |
| 固氮作用 | nitrogen fixation Assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by a variety of microorganisms which live freely in soil. Once the nitrogen has been captured by one of the microorganisms, there are many different routes by which it is handled. Some is retained in the soil as decomposing plant matter, waiting to be released and taken up by new crops as a nitrate. That nitrate is produced by nitrifying bacteria living in the soil that thrive on ammonia, which is produced by decaying plant and animal material. In processing nitrogen the nitrifying bacteria produce nitrate that can be absorbed by the roots of plants (土壤里自由存在的多种微生物对大气中氮的吸收。一旦微生物已经捕获到氮，有很多不同的路线来处理。一些像分解的植物那样被保留在土壤里，等待作为硝酸盐被新的庄稼吸收。 硝酸盐是通过生活在土壤中的细菌硝化而产生的，靠氨旺盛生长，这些氨是由腐烂的植物和动物材料而产生的。) |
| 国际废油回收和重新利用会议 | International Conference on Waste Oil Recovery and Reuse |
| 土地用途计划 | land use plan The key element of a comprehensive plan; describes the recommended location and intensity of development for public and private land uses, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational and agricultural (一项全面计划的主要内容，描述了公共和私人土地使用的推荐位置和发展力度，例如住宅、商业、工业、娱乐和农业。) |
| 土地使用 | land use The term land use deals with the spatial aspects of all human activities on the land and with the way in which the land surface is adapted, or could be adapted, to serve human needs (土地使用这一术语包含所有地表上的人类活动的空间和地表适应，或可能适用于人类需求的方式。) |
| 土地使用 | land occupation The use, settlement or possession of solid areas of the earth's surface (对地球表面陆地的使用、定居或占有。) |
| 土地使用制度 | soil use regime Type of management and utilization of the soil (土壤的管理和利用形式。) |
| 土地使用制度 | land use regime Relation existing between the landowner and the tenant farmer who cultivates the land (土地所有者和耕作土地的租用者间存在的关系。) |
| 土地使用计划 | land-use planning |
| 土地利用分类 | land use classification The arrangement of land units into a variety of categories based on the properties of the land or its suitability for a particular purpose. It has become an important tool in rural land-resource planning (基于土地的特性以及其适于的特殊用途，将土地分成多种类别的单元。已成为农村土地资源规划的重要工具。) |
| 土地利用规划 | land planning |
| 土地利用规划 | land use planning The interdisciplinary process of evaluating, organising, and controlling the present and the future development and use of lands and their resources in terms of their suitability on sustained yield basis. Includes an overall ecological evaluation in terms of specific kinds of uses as well as evaluations of social, economic, and physical contexts to the land concerned (根据永续收获基础的持续性，跨学科的评估、组织和控制土地资源的现状和未来发展及使用的过程。包括对有关土地的特定用途以及社会、经济、物理背景评估的整体生态评价。) |
| 土壤使用 | soil use Functional utilization of soil for agriculture, industry, or residential building purposes (土壤在农业、工业、住宅或建筑用地方面的功能用途。) |
| 土壤利用潜力 | soil capability The suitability of soils for various uses, e.g. sustained production of cultivated crops, pasture plants, etc., depending on depth, texture, kinds of minerals, salinity, kinds of salts, acidity, etc. (土壤的各种用途如：持续生产栽培作物，草原植物等的适宜性，取决于深度、纹理、矿物质、盐度、种盐和酸度等) |
| 地下饮用水源 | underground sources of drinking water |
| 城市用水 | urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town (城镇中用于私人和公共用途的水。) |
| 多次使用容器 | returnable container Container whose return from the consumer or final user is assured by specific means (separate collection, deposits, etc.), independently on its final destination, in order to be reused, recovered or subjected to specific waste management operations (能通过特定方法(分类收集、定金等)保证不管容器最终在哪里，都可以从使用者或最终用户处回收，这是为了在废品管理中重用、恢复或使用相应的容器。) |
| 家用化学品 | household chemical No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 家用商品 | household goods Goods needed for living in a household (家常生活中所需要的商品) |
| 家用废弃物掩埋场 | domestic waste landfill Site for the disposal of wastes arising from domestic activities (日常活动产生废弃物弃置的场地。) |
| 家用燃料 | domestic fuel Fuels obtained from different sources that are used for domestic heating (来自不同来源的家用加热燃料。) |
| 家用燃油 | domestic fuel oil Liquid petroleum product used in domestic heaters (用于家用加热的液态石油产物。) |
| 家用电器 | domestic appliance A machine or device, especially an electrical one used domestically (一种机器或装置，特别是家用的电子设备。) |
| 工业用毒品项目 | industrial toxicants project |
| 工业用水 | water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources (用于工业中的水，如用于制造、加工、清洗和冷却，它是从公共供水或通过自我供应的来源所获得。) |
| 工艺用水 | process water Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process (在制造或处理过程中，或在实际产品生产过程中使用的水。例子包括用于洗涤、漂洗、直接接触、冷却、化学反应和气洗涤工业和食品加工应用程序中使用的水。很多的情况下，水是用来专门处理生产过程所需的水质。) |
| 已用水 | used water Wastewater or utilized water from a home, community, farm or industry, which is often discharged after utilization (从家庭、社区、农场或工业场所流出的废水或已利用过的水，往往是利用后排放的水。) |
| 干旱光合作用 | drought photosynthesis |
| 应用性研究 | applied research Research directed toward using knowledge gained by basic research to make things or to create situations that will serve a practical or utilitarian purpose (旨在用通过基础研究得到的知识来解决实际问题的研究。) |
| 应用生态学 | applied ecology The application of ecological principles to the solution of human problems (用来解决人类问题的生态学原则方面的应用。) |
| 应用科学 | applied science Science whose results are employed in technical applications (研究成果被用在技术应用中的科学。) |
| 应用营养学 | applied nutrition Putting to use general principles of the science of human nourishment to address or solve specific problems (应用人类营养食品科学的一般原则指出或解决特定问题。) |
| 废料作为原料的利用 | use of waste as material |
| 废料作为能源资源的利用 | use of waste as energy source |
| 废料利用 | waste use The incorporation of wastes into natural or artificial cycles, mainly in order to recover secondary raw materials or energy (将废料并入到自然的或人工的循环中，主要是为了恢复再生原料或能源。) |
| 废料利用 | waste recovery The process of obtaining materials or energy resources from waste (从废料中获取原料或能源资源的过程。) |
| 弃用军事用地 | disused military site Military site where all activity has ceased. Such areas, being extremely well sheltered against outside disturbances and in many ways less affected by human landuse than many other open landscapes, can contain significant natural habitats and rare or endangered wildlife. Abandoned military territories constitute an important source of natural landscapes to be managed and restored in an environmentally sound way (即停止各种活动及使用的军事场址。此类地区掩蔽性绝佳，不受外界干扰，在许多方面比其它开放区域更少受到人类对土地使用的影响，因此可含有大量自然栖地和稀有或濒临绝种的野生动物。废弃的军事领域含有重要自然景观资源，需以环保的方式来管理及恢复。) |
| 强制使用 | compulsory use |
| 当地资源利用 | local resource utilisation The use of a source of supply from a municipal or regional area, which can be readily drawn upon when needed (在某个城市或地区范围内的资源供给，可以在需要时随时提取。) |
| 托附作用 | desorption The process of removing a sorbed substance by the reverse of adsorption or absorption (经由吸附或吸收的逆反应移除被吸附之物质。) |
| 拮抗作用 | antagonism The situation in which two chemicals upon interaction interfere in such a way that the action of one partially or completely inhibits the effects of the other (两种化学物质间的交互干扰作用，某一物质部分或完全抑制另外一物质发生效果的状况。) |
| 持续使用 | sustainable use |
| 旅行费用 | travel cost Expenditure of money or the amount of money incurred for journeying or going from one place to another by some mode of transportation (旅行或通过某种交通方式从一个地方到另一个地方而产生的花费或支出的金额。) |
| 景观利用 | landscape utilisation using landscape or parts of it (i.e. for tourism, sports or agriculture); Using landscape or parts of it for tourism, sports, or agriculture (将全部或部分景观用于旅游、运动或农业。) |
| 最佳可用控制技术 | best available control technology |
| 最佳实用控制技术 | best practical control technology |
| 最实用的环境方案 | best practicable environment option |
| 杀虫剂的利用 | utilisation of pesticides Use of chemical or biological substances to deliberately kill unwanted plants or animals (使用化学的或生物物质来杀死不需要的植物或动物。) |
| 杂货用品 | miscellaneous product No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 核能利用 | nuclear energy use Nuclear energy is employed in the industrial sector, in the production of other energy types, in the medical and scientific research field, in transportation, in the production of nuclear weapons, etc. (核能被使用在工业界、其他类型能源生产、医疗和科研领域、交通、核武器生产等。) |
| 毒性作用 | toxic effect A result produced by the ingestion or contact of poisonous materials (摄取或接触到有毒物质而产生的结果) |
| 毒性物质的拮抗作用 | antagonistic effect of toxic substances |
| 民用航空交通 | civil air traffic Air traffic pertaining to or serving the general public, as distinguished from military air traffic (适用于或者服务于大众的航空交通，和军用航空交通有区别。) |
| 水再利用 | water reuse Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process (在不同的生产过程中使用处理过的废水或使用污水处理设施。) |
| 沉积作用 | deposition The process by which polluting material is precipitated from the atmosphere and accumulates in ecosystems (污染物质从大气中沉降，因而堆积于生态系统的过程。) |
| 沐浴用水 | bathing water All waters, inland or coastal, except those intended for therapeutic purposes or used in swimming pools, an area either in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters (除去被用做治疗用途或泳池里的所有内陆或海岸的水。在这个地域洗浴是被允许的而且很多人在此洗浴过。这些地域的水必须满足一定质量标准，包括化学成分，微生物以及其他物理参数方面。) |
| 沐浴用海水 | bathing seawater Sea waters in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters (可被用来进行沐浴的海水，这些水必须满足一定质量标准，包括化学成分，微生物以及其他物理参数方面。) |
| 沐浴用淡水 | bathing freshwater Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters (可被用来进行沐浴的淡水，这些水必须满足一定质量标准，包括化学成分，微生物以及其他物理参数方面。) |
| 泌盐作用 | recretion (recretio) |
| 消耗用水 | water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use (消耗用水始于回收，但在这种情况下，没有任何回收，例如灌溉、散发到大气中的蒸汽、在最终产品中所包含的水，也就是说，它不再是直接供以后使用的水。) |
| 混合作用 | complex formation Formation of a complex compound. Also known as complexing or complexation (混合物的合成，也称为混合或混合作用。) |
| 混杂利用地区 | mixed use area Use of land for more than one purpose; e.g. grazing of livestock, watershed and wildlife protection, recreation, and timber production (多于一个目的的土地使用，例如放牧牲畜、水域和野生动植物保护、休闲和木材生产。) |
| 地球大气层的温室作用效应 | greenhouse effect |
| 热值的利用 | utilisation of calorific value Calorific value is the heat per unit mass produced by complete combustion of a given substance. Calorific values are used to express the energy values of fuels; usually these are expressed in megajoules per kilogram. They are also used to measure the energy content of foodstuffs; i.e. the energy produced when the food is oxidized in the body. The units here are kilojoules per gram. Calorific values are measured using a bomb calorimeter (apparatus consisting of a strong container in which the sample is sealed with excess oxygen and ignited electrically. The heat of combustion at constant volume can be calculated from the resulting rise in temperature) (热值是某一物质每单位质量完全燃烧所产生的热量。热值是用来表示燃料的能量值，通常是用每千克兆焦耳来表示。它们也可用来测量食品的能量值，即当食物在体内氧化所产生的能源，这里的单位是每克千焦。热值使用爆炸量热器(仪器有强大的容器，样品是用过量氧气密封而成，以电动方式点燃，导致的温度上升可计算出定容燃烧热量)来测量。) |
| 焦油使用 | tar use Any employment or utilization of dark, heavy, viscous substances or residue derived from the distillation of certain organic materials, often to produce benzene, soap, dyes, cosmetics and other products (深色的、重、粘性物质或来自某些有机材料蒸馏的残留物的职业或利用，常用于生产苯、肥皂、染料、化妆品等产品。) |
| 美国空军环境技术应用中心 | Environmental Technical Applications Center |
| 现场专用废物处置手册 | site-specific waste disposal manual |
| 用户优势 | user advantage |
| 用树木围隔的田地或草地 | bocage The wooded countryside characteristic of northern France, with small irregular-shaped fields and many hedges and copses. In the French language the word bocage refers both to the hedge itself and to a landscape consisting of hedges. Bocage landscapes usually have a slightly rolling landform, and are found mainly in maritime climates. Being a small-scale, enclosed landscape, the bocage offers much variations in biotopes, with habitats for birds, small mammals, amphibians, reptiles and butterflies (法国北部的丛林农村的特点，小而不规则，并有许多树篱和灌木。在法语中，bocage既指树篱本身又指由树篱组成的景观。Bocage景观通常是稍微弯曲的地貌，主要在海上气候的地区出现。作为一个小规模的、封闭的景观，bocage为不同的群落提供了栖息地，有鸟类、小型哺乳动物、两栖动物、爬行动物和蝴蝶等。) |
| 用水 | water utilisation Three types of water use are distinguished: 1. withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; 2. consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; 3. non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation (水的使用可分为三种类型：1.回收，水来自河流、地表或地下水库，取用后返回到天然水体，如：用于工业生产过程中进行冷却的水。这种回流对于河流下游的用户从河流中取水非常重要；2.消耗，开始于回收，但在这种情况下没有任何返回，如灌溉、蒸汽散发到大气中、最终产品中所包含的水，也就是说，它不再是直接供日后使用；3.非回收，即水的就地使用(包括木材业中原木的飘浮)、钓鱼、休闲、污水处理和水电发电。) |
| 用水量 | water consumption The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment (一个社区或人群用以生存、舒适和享受所必需的用水方式和数量。) |
| 矿化作用 | mineralisation The process of fossilization whereby inorganic materials replace the organic constituent of an organism (化石化现象，使无机材料代替有机体的有机组成部分的过程。) |
| 硝化作用 | nitrification The process by which ammonia compounds, including man-made fertilizer and the humus provided by organic matter or plant and animal origin, are converted into nitrites and then nitrates, which are then absorbed as a nutrient by crops. Excess nitrate can be leached into surface waters and groundwaters, causing pollution. Excess nitrate may also be converted by microbes back into gaseous nitrogen, which is an important greenhouse gas, and released back into the atmosphere. The ultimate source of nitrogen in the ecosystem is the molecular nitrogen in the atmosphere. To a very limited extent, some dissolves in water. However, none is found in rock (氨水混合物，包括人造肥料、由有机物或者动植物源提供的腐殖质，被转换为亚硝酸盐而后是硝酸盐，其被吸收作为庄稼营养物的过程。过量硝酸盐可浸入地表水和地下水而引起污染。过量硝酸盐可能通过微生物转变为氮气，它是一种重要的温室气体，并且释放进入大气。生态系统中的氮的重要来源是空气中的分子氮。在有限的程度之上，一些溶解在水里。不过，没有在岩石里发现氮。) |
| 空气-水相互作用 | air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind (在空气与水的分界面上的物理过程：动力、热量和块状物质穿过空气与水的分界面，由风力和碎波引起的水面混合，使方向波谱和波力作用于海上结构物。空气—水相互作用通过风引起的水柱混合所产生的乱流和气体交换进行度量。) |
| 空气污染应用模拟用户网络 | users network for applied modeling of air pollution |
| 空气海洋联合相互作用 | joint air-sea interaction |
| 联合国资源保护和利用科学会议 | United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources |
| 肉用牛 | beef cattle Cattle bred for the production of meat (用于肉类生产而饲养的牛。) |
| 能源利用 | energy utilisation No definition needed (无需定义。) |
| 能源利用形式 | energy utilisation pattern |
| 脱氮作用 | denitrification 1. The loss of nitrogen from soil by biological or chemical means. It is a gaseous loss, unrelated to loss by physical processes such as through leachates. 2. The breakdown of nitrates by soil bacteria, resulting in the release of free nitrogen. This process takes place under anaerobic conditions, such as are found in water-logged soil, and it reduces soil fertility (1. 经由生物处理或化学方式去除土中含的氮。 是一种汽化式的散失，而非经由物理过程如渗漏的流失。 2.经由土壤中的细菌分解硝酸盐而释放出自由氮。 此种过程常发生于厌氧环境下，如浸泡在水中的土地；会降低土中养份。) |
| 脱硫作用 | desulphurisation The removal of sulphur, as from molten metals or petroleum oil. Sulphur residues in fuels end up as sulphur dioxide when the fuel is burned causing acid rain (从熔融金属或石油中移除硫。 残留在燃料中硫在燃烧后会变为二氧化硫，造成酸雨。) |
| 腐蚀作用 | corrosion |
| 自然的自净作用 | natural self-purification |
| 自然的自净作用 | self-purifying capacity |
| 自然资源的可持续利用 | sustainable use of natural resources |
| 药用植物 | medicinal plant Plants having therapeutic properties (具有治疗功能的植物。) |
| 药物滥用 | drug abuse |
| 蒸腾作用 | transpiration The loss of water vapour from a plant, mainly through the stomata and to a small extent through the cuticle and lenticels. Transpiration results in a stream of water, carrying dissolved minerals salts, flowing upwards through the xylem (植物水蒸汽的损失，主要是通过气孔，少许通过角质层和皮孔。蒸腾作用会产生水流，它含有矿物质盐，并经由木质部位向上流。) |
| 行人专用区 | pedestrian zone Area where vehicles are not allowed (汽车不允许进入的区域。) |
| 设备利用时发生的火灾 | equipment use fire |
| 试验用动物 | test animal Animals on which experiments are conducted in order to provide evidence for or against a scientific hypothesis, or to prove the efficacy of drugs or the reaction to certain products (在动物身上进行实验，为了支持或反对一个科学假说提供证据，或证明药物的疗效或对某些产品的反应。) |
| 资源利用 | resource utilisation No definition needed (不需要定义。) |
| 起健康作用 | healthy functioning |
| 辐射作用 | radiation effects |
| 通用海洋污染控制系统 | marine pollution control universal |
| 重用材料 | reuse of materials Any re-utilization of products or components, in original form, such as when used glass bottles are sterilized and refilled for resale (任何能在原始状态下重用的产品或部分，例如用过的玻璃瓶在消毒和重装后被重新卖出。) |
| 闲暇时间的利用 | use of leisure time Making use of free time to carry out recreational activities (利用空闲时间来进行娱乐活动。) |
| 降雨侵蚀作用 | rainfall erosion |
| 非法占用聚落 | squatter settlement Settlement on land or property to which there is no legal title (没有法定所有权的村落或财产) |
| 非耐用商品 | non-durable goods A good bought by consumers that tends to last for less than a year. Common examples are food and clothing. The notable thing about nondurable goods is that consumers tend to continue buying them regardless of the ups and downs of the business cycle (消费者购买的往往使用不到一年的商品。常见的例子是食品和衣服。对于非耐用商品值得注意的是，消费者往往不顾商业周期的起伏而不断购买它们。) |
| 食用脂肪 | edible fat An oil that can be eaten as a food or food accessory (一种作为食品或者装饰食品的可以被食用的油。) |
| 食肉用动物 | animal for slaughter Animals bred and killed for the production of food (饲养用来生产食物的动物。) |
| 饮用水 | drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation (适合饮用且对健康无害的水，其品质通常受法规管制。) |
| 饮用水供给 | drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user (为了城市使用或其它饮用水使用者的需求而供应和储存的饮用水，或饮用水的储存量。) |
| 饮用水保护区 | drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater (水处理厂周围的区域，在该区域中限制或禁止某些形式的土地利用以保护地下水。) |
| 饮用水处理 | drinking water treatment The Directive on the Quality of Surface Water Intended for Drinking Water defines three categories of water treatment (A1, A2, A3) from simple physical treatment and disinfection to intensive physical and chemical treatment. The treatment to be used depends on the quality of the water abstracted. The Directive uses imperative values for parameters known to have an adverse effect on health and also guide values for those which are less adverse. There is also a directive which complements the "surface water abstraction" Directive by indicating the methods of measurement and the frequency of sampling and analysis required (欧盟《可饮用的地表水水质指引》中将饮用水根据其处理程度，分成三级(A1，A2，A3)，包括从简单的物理处理和消毒到复杂的物理化学处理。 采用的处理等级，依原水水质而定。 欧盟指引对于已知有害健康的参数，通常采取强制管理；对于危害性较小者，则采取指引式的规范。 欧盟也定有相关指引，制定采样与分析方法和频率，以补充"地表水抽取"指引的不足。) |
| 美国饮用水安全条例 | Safe Drinking water Act |
