либо по ходатайству стороны по делу либо по собственной инициативе суда(e.g.: When a question of the District Court's jurisdiction is raised, either by a party or by the court on its own motion, the court may inquire, by affidavits or otherwise, into the facts as they exist.; англ. цитата приводится из решения United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit; контекстуальный перевод Alex_Odeychuk)
