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Subject: until и till Подскажите, уважаемые сообщники, точное значение/различие слов until и till .I will be out of the office until 10-12-08. Спасибо |
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Думаю, что до 10 декабря - т.е. 10 выйду на работу. Включительно обозначается through [to] или up to and including |
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Вот и я так думаю. Но это всё на уровне ощущений. Во если бы кто точно знал... ИМХО, through [to] или up to and including в деловой разговорной лексике не часто встретишь. |
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Ну, сразу бы сказали, что в разговорной. Тогда все четко [un] till and through Смотрите Лонгман: http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/till_1 http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/until Кста, обратите внимание на оборот not until 1912 (чтобы окончательно развеять Ваши сомнения) с переводом: и только в 1912 году...бла-бла http://www.dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=82796&dict=CALD |
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· Until can be used as preposition as well as conjunction. Examples: Preposition: Up to, before the time We worked until noon, and then had lunch. Conjunction: Up to a time that You can sleep until/till it gets dark. Till can be interchanged with ‘until’ as conjunction as shown in the example sentence.. However it has different meaning when used as verb or noun. http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/79943-until-vs-till-vs.html |
| Скопировала больше, чем требовалось. :-) |
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Убедился на 90% 2 loner: В Лонгмане (2 ссылка) "if something happens until a particular time, it continues and then stops at that time" - "that time" в моём предложении штука протяжённая, а именно Целый день 10-го числа (включая и вечер). 2 Olinia: То же самое. В Ваших примерах временные границы - чёткие (noon, it gets dark) и можно четко определить, что сначала мы работали, а как только настал noon мы начали обедать, или же спали-спали, а как только стемнело сразу перестали спать. Хотя, возможно я и занудствую)) |
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Посмотрите определения из Encarta: ДО МОМЕНТА: 1. up to time: up to a time or event, but not afterward (conj) I lived with my grandparents until I was ten. (prep) from the late 1980s until 1994 ВКЛЮЧИТЕЛЬНО: 5. preposition from beginning to end: from the beginning until the end or conclusion of Martin and Johanson's works will be on view through June. I can't come I'm afraid; I'm working through. |
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link 8.12.2008 15:31 |
| А по рабоче-крестьянски? I'll be out of the office from ___ till ___(both inclusive) |
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я вывалю все кулем, кому надо, разберется с такого-то по сякое-то March 6 to April 15, 1990 (U.S. Government Style Manual (2000), 29th Edition, Page 183) The park is open from May through September. (AmE) The park is open from May to September inclusive. (BrE) (Michael Swan, Practical English Usage, page 586) from 1990 to 1995 = 1990 to 1995 inclusive (English Style Guide. A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission, page 27) The Federal Government operates on a year that runs from October 1 through September 30. Each fiscal year is numbered according to the calendar year in which it ends. As an example, FY 2002 ran from October 1, 2001 to September 30, 2002, ... (http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources ... index.html) There have been three periods during which five former Presidents were alive: From March 4, 1861 to January 18, 1862, Martin Van Buren, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, and James Buchanan were living (from the inauguration of Lincoln to the death of Tyler). From January 20, 1993 to April 22, 1994, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H. W. Bush were living (from the inauguration of Clinton to the death of Nixon). From January 20, 2001 to June 5, 2004, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton were living (from the inauguration of George W. Bush to the death of Reagan). (http://www.usgovi.com/executive/) This year's Summer guided tours of the Houses of Parliament will run from August 1st to 30th September. (http://www.parliament.uk/) |
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