Спасибо заранее.

lingvo 12 (engineering)

* The parent metal or the base metal is the steel material which is welded.
* The filler metal or the weld metal is the electrode material used in the welding process.

Figure 11 shows the terminology used to describe the various parts of the weld:

* The root is the point of the joint line reached by the penetration of the filler metal.
* The face is the outside surface of the weld.
* The toe is the line on the weld face between the filler metal and the parent metal.
* The heat affected zone is a part of the parent metal which has not been melted with the filler metal, but which undergoes fast heating and cooling during the passage of the welding arc. In this zone, the parent metal is subject to a hardening treatment and can consequently become brittle.

The shape of a fillet welded cross-section can be convex or concave

For design, two geometrical weld parameters are used:

* The throat thickness, a, is the minimum distance from the root to the weld face ignoring the convex zone. Figure 13 shows the throat thickness a of a butt weld and a fillet weld.
* The length is the longitudinal weld dimension in the direction of the welding arc displacement. Figure 13 shows welds for which the length l is the full length of the plates; for the lap joint of Figure 2 l would be the sum of twice the overlapped length plus the width of the smaller plate.

Схема сварного соединения: 1 - усиление шва; 2 - сварной шов; 3 - сварочная пайка; 4 - основной металл; 5 - металл шва.

Швы стыковые (а) и угловые (б): 1 — усиленные; 2 — нормальные; 3 — ослабленные швы.

Сварные швы по виду разделяются на стыковые и угловые (фиг. 47). Стыковой шов располагается между кромками основного металла. Соединения внахлестку и тавровые выполняются угловыми швами. Угловой шов накладывается на поверхность свариваемых частей металла. Швы могут быть усиленные, нормальные и облегченные.

"швы должны быть полностью проварены..."

..The welding conditions, particularly the current limitation of the welding equipment, constitute a limit to the depth of penetration into the parent plate. For example, if a closed butt joint (no gap between the two plates) is welded with one run on each side, the penetration may not be complete and the central part of the joint will remain unfused (Figure 16a). With a gap between the two parts of the joint, full penetration can be achieved with the same welding equipment. The limitation is then set by the thickness of the plates to be joined. In practice, the limit for butt welds with square edges, i.e. without preparation, is 10mm plate thickness with a 5mm gap. When the plate thickness exceeds this value, bevelled edges permit full penetration by several runs, see Figure 16b.

Угловые швы должны иметь достаточную толщину и примерно одинаковую длину катетов.