Generative Art
There are new fields of study being created to try to tackle the untapped potential of the graphics proces-sor. In particular, an interesting discipline called Generative Art (GA) is merging the highly technical and mathematical practices with art utilizing computer graphics hardware.

procedural invention
Philip Galanter, a professor at NYU, defines GA to his students as "any art practice where the artist uses a system, such as a set of natural language rules, a computer program, a machine, or other procedural invention, which is set into motion with some degree of autonomy contributing to or resulting in a com-pleted work of art."

repeating geometric shapes
Moving to the visual arts, you might have seen images of fractal geometry (repeating geometric shapes) put to a color palette.

generative musician/artist
You might have heard generative forms of music that use randomizations or preset patterns to change sounds of speech and music. If you were using Windows 95 you most definitely heard something com-posed by generative musician/artist Brian Peter George St. Baptiste de la Salle Eno - better known as Brian Eno. He also did pieces for David Bowie, Talking Heads, and U2.

throwaway cardboard
Art supplies such as brushes, paints and canvas were hard to come by; I stocked up on paints, but I could not find canvases, not even pieces of throwaway cardboard to paint on.

instruction limits
gradient instructions
The bigger problem was trying to get shaders to run on slightly older shader model 2.x cards. In many cases OpenGL would just switch to software rendering instead of complaining about supported shader capabilities.

gravity
Using the same set of criteria, though, one could likewise question the output of renowned artists such as Jackson Pollock, who used a canvas on the ground, a can of paint and gravity for pieces like "Lavender Mist".

dumb machine
Unlike most artisans who purchase their paint, canvas, brushes, film, and lenses, San Base uses a dumb machine and pours his thoughts and intent into it via programming to create something vibrant.

in a straight-forward way
Currently I'm able to produce very high resolution images, as high as 80-100 Mpixels, for printing on canvas. The generation process would require gigabytes of memory if I had implemented it in a straight-forward way.

near horizon
An application that could be on the near horizon would involve taking existing high definition televisions and turning them into large picture frames.

Помогите перевести целое предложение

The paintings attained another dimension through this method: the dimension of time

Сами термины, приведенные аскером, выглядят не очень "компьютерными"

The paintings attained another dimension through this method: the dimension of time
Этот метод придал картинам дополнительное измерение: время

repeating geometric shapes
повторяющиеся геометрические формы (чем не подходит-то?)

throwaway cardboard
бросовый картон

gravity
вполне вероятно, что именно "гравитация" (сила притяжения) там и имеется в виду (расширенный контекст не смотрел, но у меня такое предчувствие)

near horizon
как вариант - в ближайшем будущем