аспирант – English translation

candidate; postgraduate; Ph.D. candidate (Anglophile); PG student (Anglophile); postgrad (Bullfinch)

doctoral candidate (пишет диссертацию на соискание степени Ph.D. bubuka); post-degree student (Andrey Truhachev); graduate; research student (источник: supplement to diploma, Supreme Certifying Commission of Ukraine bojana); post-graduate student (соискатель учёной степени в некоторых странах); graduate fellow (aspss); student taking a reserve officer course at a military college (обучающийся в военном училище будущий офицер в некоторых странах)

fin.

grad student (dimock)

libr.

aspirant; research student

math.

Ph.D. fellow; post-graduate student (someone in training for research work)

mus.

doctoral student (The inaugural class is expected to enroll 1,200 masters and doctoral students as well as 300 postdoctoral scholars in 2014. TMT Alexander Demidov)

oil

the one who is pursuing a PhD with a university (Islet)

phys.

graduate student

scient.

Ph.D. student (англ. термин взят из документа Centre for Economic Policy Research Alex_Odeychuk); PhD candidate (Ivan Pisarev)