| law |
поправка Джэксона-Вэника (The Jackson–Vanik amendment to the Trade Act of 1974 is a 1974 provision in United States federal law intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Communist bloc) that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights. The amendment, named after its major co-sponsors Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson of Washington in the Senate and Charles A. Vanik of Ohio in the House of Representatives, both Democrats, is contained in Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974. The Trade Act of 1974 passed both houses of the United States Congress unanimously, and President Gerald Ford signed the bill into law with the adopted amendment on January 3, 1975. Over time, a number of countries were granted conditional normal trade relations subject to annual review, and a number of countries were liberated from the amendment. In December 2012, the Magnitsky Act was signed into law by President Obama, repealing the Jackson–Vanik amendment. WK Alexander Demidov) |
| polit. |
поправка Джексона-Вэника (Поправка к Закону о торговле <*Trade Act of 1974>, принятая Конгрессом США в декабре 1974 и связавшая выполнение торгово-экономических соглашений между США и СССР с соблюдением последним гражданских прав и свобод, включая свободу эмиграции. После развала СССР неоднократно говорилось об её отмене в отношении России, но этого так и не произошло (Источник: The Jackson–Vanik amendment is a 1974 provision in United States federal law, intended to affect U.S. trade relations with countries with non-market economies (originally, countries of the Communist bloc) that restrict freedom of emigration and other human rights. It is believed that it was a response to the Soviet Union's "diploma taxes" levied on Jews attempting to emigrate,[1] although the amendment does not specifically mention Jews and the tax applied to all Soviet citizens, not only Jews. The amendment, named after its major co-sponsors Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson of Washington in the Senate and Charles Vanik of Ohio in the House of Representatives, both Democrats, is contained in Title IV of the 1974 Trade Act. wiki  americana.ru) Alexander Demidov); поправка Джексона-Вэника (Поправка к Закону о торговле <*Trade Act of 1974>, принятая Конгрессом США в декабре 1974 и связавшая выполнение торгово-экономических соглашений между США и СССР с соблюдением последним гражданских прав и свобод, включая свободу эмиграции. После развала СССР неоднократно говорилось об её отмене в отношении России, но этого так и не произошло (Источник americana.ru) bookworm) |
