| progr. |
сверхбольшая программная система (ultra-large-scale system is a term used in fields including computer science, software engineering and systems engineering to refer to software intensive systems reaching unprecedented scales (by measures including lines of code; numbers of users and stakeholders; purposes the system is put to; amounts of data stored, accessed, manipulated, and refined; numbers of connections and interdependencies among components; and numbers of hardware elements). Ultra-large-scale systems hold the characteristics of systems of systems (systems that have: operationally independent sub-systems; managerially independent components and sub-systems; step-by-step development; emergent behavior; and geographic distribution). ULSS has decentralized data, development, maintenance and operational control, addresses inherently conflicting, unknowable, and diverse requirements, changes continuously while it is operating, with different capabilities being deployed and removed, contains heterogeneous, inconsistent and changing elements, erodes the people system boundary (people will not just be users, but elements of the system and affecting its overall emergent behavior), encounters failure as the norm, rather than the exception, with it being extremely unlikely that all components are functioning at any one time, requires new paradigms for acquisition and policy, and new methods for control Alex_Odeychuk) |
