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| Russian | English |
| совместный разработчик дизайна | joint design manufacturer (Joint design manufacturer (JDM): a company that helps design products for customers. However, distinction on who owns the intellectual property can be difficult to determine and can surface as licensing problems.  ventureoutsource.com Mykael) |
| Центр промышленного дизайна | IDC (Мумбай; Industrial Design Centre pani_helenka) |