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| Subject | Russian | English |
| gen. | ужесточить меры наказания | stiffen penalties (Alexander Demidov) |
| gen. | ужесточить наказание | increase penalty (Bullfinch) |
| gen. | ужесточить наказание | upgrade a punishment (Murry guilty under the capital punishment law and recommended life without parole, but the trial judge upgraded the punishment to death in the electric chair. Alexander Demidov) |
| Makarov. | ужесточить наказание за управление автомобилем в нетрезвом виде | increase penalties for drinking and driving |