| Russian | English |
| выражение культурно-языковых особенностей | expression of cultural and language experiences (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| испытывать негативное воздействие языкового и культурного шоков | be facing the frustrations of language and culture shock (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| культурно-языковые характеристики | linguistic and cultural backgrounds (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| культурно-языковые характеристики | cultural and language experiences (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| лишение языковой компетентности | stripping away of language competence (Alexander Guiora, whose research focuses on personality factors in second language acquisition, holds that "...second language learning in all of its aspects demands that the individual, to a certain extent, take on a new identity". Since an individual's identity is developed within a context of communication and interaction – for example, with family members and peers – and since language plays a salient role in interpersonal relations, language becomes central to the sense of self. Changing that basic sense of who you are can be difficult, to say the least, particularly where the individual's sense of self-efficacy or confidence in her or his key abilities is challenged in the process. Competence in communicating with others is just such a key ability central to the individual's self esteem. Facing that stripping away of language competence which occurs when we try to communicate in a second language requires tremendous ego strength, an ability to retain a sense of self esteem even when exposing and exploring an area of real weakness. For these reasons, bolstering the student's sense of self-esteem is the key to working with new learners of a foreign language. Alex_Odeychuk) |
| обладать чувством языковой гармонии | possess a sense of unity of language (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| первичный языковой материал | PLD (сокр. от Primary Linguistic Data Ying) |
| подбирать языковые средства и составлять тексты | generate language and stories (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| преодолеть фонетический языковой барьер | have permeated through the curtain of foreign sounds (One day you will realize that the string of foreign syllables and sounds is no longer indecipherable. They ring familiar to your ears now. You comprehend sentences. You recognize grammar rules. You guess the meaning of unknown words by using your existing knowledge. You make inferences and verify their accuracy. You no longer feel the urge to translate long-winding conversations word-for-word. You learn to focus even harder on your foreign language learning. Alex_Odeychuk) |
| чувство языковой гармонии | sense of unity of language (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| языковая гармония | unity of language (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| языковая личность | linguistic identity (palomnik) |
| любое языковое общение | languaging (Viacheslav Volkov) |
| языковой и культурный шоки | language shock and culture shock (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| языковой шок | language shock (Second language acquisition researcher John Schumann explores the concept of "language shock," a fear of appearing so mical or making a fool of oneself when attempting to communicate in a second language. The student's desire to avoid psychological injury, in combination with his or her social inhibitions and fear of criticism, may function to decrease his or her motivation to learn a second language and to master course content expressed in a second language. Alex_Odeychuk) |
