Pressure Penetration Test(Shale Permeability using the Pressure Penetration Test (PPT). Pressure penetration technique (PPT) tests have been performed to investigate the effect of physical plugging by nanoparticles. Using this technique, we measure the permeability of shale samples in contact with various kinds of fluids: brine, base mud, and base mud with various concentrations of nanoparticles. ixtra)
ESD(.. to equivalent circulation density (ECD) and equivalent static density (ESD), which are paramount to drilling performance and operational safety Farrukh2012)
