элемент состава преступления(Another closely related issue is statutory presumptions, where proof of a "presumed fact" which is a required element of a crime, is established by another fact, ... | A required element of a crime is that the defendant committed (a) a voluntary act, or (b) an omission where the defendant had a duty to act. | ... an example of the United States Supreme Court's determination of whether intent is a required element of a crime if the statute is silent on the ... Alexander Demidov)
