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Subject: "labor groups" и др. gen. One can multiply these examples. During the 1980s and 1990s, reformist technocrats in Latin America overcame opposition from powerful insider groups by packaging liberalization and privatization (with strong redistributive effects) along with disinflation programs perceived by most—elites included—as inevitable and necessary. In the United States, Trade Adjustment Assistance and other measures that operate as social insurance and compensation are the usual sweeteners offered to labor groups to buy their support for international trade agreements. (However, this bargain has eroded over time, as I discuss in the next chapter.) The US Congress allowed the auctioning of radio frequencies only when political strings were devised—limiting the auctions to commercial wireless services and granting special rights to specific groups (women, minorities, small businesses)—to ensure that Congressional members would derive specific advantages from the move. Wayne Leighton and Edward López write: “in the end, everyone with a decision-making role in Congress got something, either more revenues or more political oversight.”Во-первых, labor groups - это профсоюзы или что-то другое? Во-вторых, пока не подобрал аналога для political strings. В-третьих, revenues, казалось бы, можно перевести как "доходы". Однако, насколько я понимаю, речь не о личных доходах идет. |
| Скорее всего, labor groups - не только профсоюзы, но и некие альтернативные варианты. Кое-что нашел здесь: http://workercenters.com/labors-loophole/alt-labor/ |
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Профессиональные объединения? (Ссылку не читала, кидаю навскидку ) Аналогично для revenues предлагаю финансовые поступления |
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Worker advocacy groups that aren't unions are often called alt‐labor. They have the goal of improving working conditions, but more often through political and community pressure rather than through the usual path of National Labor Relations Board elections. Although their names and specific issues change, these groups are continuing to develop. Management views the so‐called “independent” alt‐labor groups as proxies for Big Labor, as a way for unions to gain information that can be used for more traditional organizing in industries such as food service, retail, and other largely nonunionized workforces. The largest and best known of these alt‐labor groups, OUR Walmart and Fight for $15, were, in fact, funded by the nation's largest union, the Service Employees International Union. It has said it no longer funds OUR Walmart but is active in Fight for $15. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mare.30272 Напрашивается вариант "группы защиты трудовых прав" (для "labor groups"). |
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Профсоюзы - это только часть. Если трамп, к примеру, говорит, что он поднимет тариф на импортную сталь, то он получает поддержку всех железо-рудников со сталеварами. Они и есть labor group. Я бы перевел как "работников индустрий". |
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The ROC is a labor group. But it’s not a union. It represents a new face of the U.S. labor movement—an often-ignored, little-understood array of groups organizing workers without the union label. As unions face declining membership these workers’ groups—like the mostly union-free job sectors they organize—are on the rise, particularly in New York. Because of their efforts, more restaurant workers in the city get paid sick days, domestic workers receive overtime pay, and taxi drivers will soon have health insurance. Twenty years ago, when Rutgers labor professor Janice Fine first set out to count the nonunion groups that were organizing and mobilizing workers, she found just five in the entire country. Today, her tally stands at 214. These groups organize farmworkers and fashion models. They go by names like “workers’ centers” and “workers’ alliances.” Some are rooted in the immigrant-rights movement as much as the labor movement. Lacking the ability to engage in collective bargaining or enforce union contracts, these alternative labor groups rely on an overlapping set of other tactics to reform their industries. The ROC teaches workers their rights and also restaurant skills; advises and publicizes model employers; and helps organize protests like the ones at Capital Grille, making customers aware of what goes on behind the dining room. The ROC also lobbies state and local lawmakers for reforms and helps workers take legal action when all else fails. |
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