1. tangible common equity

Я перевожу tangible capital как «материальный капитал», а что тогда получается
с ‘tangible common equity” – материальный акционерный капитал? Или еще нужно отразить, что это common shares? Наверное, кто-нибудь знает русский эквивалент tangible common equity..

Для примера – вот ratio:
Tangible Common Equity / BIS Risk Weighted Assets + Securitized Assets

2. Overhead ratio - как по-русски говорят? Определение вот:

Operating expenses divided by the sum of taxable equivalent net interest income and other operating income. This ratio shows the proportion of expenses, in relation to total income, that cannot be allocated directly to production of the good or service. Operating expenses include items such as office rent, maintenance of machinery, depreciation costs, etc. In general, companies want to minimize these costs since it is difficult to quantify the revenues generated by undertaking these costs.

3. Самое сложное, наверное - Haircut. В том смысле, что не говорят про это по-русски вообще, должно быть. Тем не менее – вот определение:
we have assigned an illiquid status to a component of some “liquid” assets to reflect the discount on the asset necessary for it to be pledged or sold promptly. This discount is commonly referred to as a “haircut.”

4. trust-preferred securities ??

5. asset base – не смейтесь.. торможу, наверное, к утру, но сказать по-русски не могу..

Regulation G adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (as directed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) sets forth rules regarding the disclosure of non-GAAP financial measures, as defined in that Regulation.