Выражение встречается в следующем контексте:

After the 9th ICCC, outstanding developments have been achieved by the invention of polycarboxylate-type superplasticizers with polyoxyethylene graft chains, PC [10,11].

Ultra-high strength concrete up to 200 MPa, arbitrary control of slump life, concrete recovery systems and self-compacting concrete are examples that exploit this new technology.

Regarding the working mechanisms, new concepts have been introduced such as the steric hindrance effect, adsorption amount per unit surface area of hydrates, adsorption equilibrium of superplasticizer with sulfate ions, the effect of the chemical structure of PC, and the effect of cement characteristics.

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