a. TXN signing with hard certificate with PIN pad and external display / **connected
• risks for authentication: malware has read access to login
• risks for authorisation: transaction details are signed on a separate device, TAC is
generated based on transaction details. Transactions modified by MITM/MITB would
have different TAC. Device is connected via USB interface to PC. Theoretically updates
of firmware/manipulation of the device could be possible or device can be read from
the malware.
b. TXN signing with hard certificate with PIN pad and external display / **unconnected
• risks for authentication: malware has read access to login
• risks for authorisation: currently none known, transaction details are input manually (or
with flicker5 code) and signed on a separate device, TAC is generated based on
transaction details. Transactions modified by MITM/MITB would have different TAC.
Device has no interface to connect to a pc, therefore updates of firmware/manipulation
of the device is currently not possible.

Не совсем понимаю, к чему относится connected/unconnected и как это перевести в контексте.
Спасибо!