Полный текст:

Dieter Helm, Official Fellow in Economics, New College, Oxford

Я не очень глубоко знакома с их concept of fellowship, может, те форумчане, кто учился в западных вузах, смогут рассказать подробнее.

Fellow in Economics вероятно ведущий/ старший научный сотрудник (экономика) (кафедры экономики)
С преподаванием fellowship напрямую не связано, если только это не teaching fellow (imho)

]The title of teaching fellow is used to denote an academic teaching position at a university or similar institution. The title fellow can be bestowed to an academic member of staff upon retirement who continues to be affiliated to a university in the United Kingdom.

Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin
At colleges of the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, fellows form the governing body of the college. They may elect a council to handle day-to-day management. All fellows are entitled to certain privileges within their colleges, which may include dining at High Table (free of charge) and possibly the right to a room in college (free of charge).

In Cambridge retired academics may remain fellows. In Oxford upon retirement, a Governing Body fellow would normally be elected a fellow emeritus and would leave the Governing Body. Distinguished old members of the college, or its benefactors and friends, might also be elected 'Honorary Fellow', normally for life; but beyond limited dining rights this is merely an honour. Most Oxford colleges have 'Fellows by Special Election' or 'Supernumerary Fellows', who may be members of the teaching staff, but not necessarily members of the Governing Body.

Re 10-4's post:
Industry and corporate
Large corporations in research and development-intensive industries (IBM, Sun Microsystems, Microsoft, Google or Apple in information technology, Bell Labs or L3 Communications in telecommunications, and Boston Scientific in Medical Devices for example) appoint a small number of senior scientists and engineers as fellows. Fellow is the most senior rank or title one can achieve on a technical career, though some fellows also hold business titles such as vice president or chief technology officer.
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